Table des matières
Regime change, a concept that holds the potential to reshape nations and rewrite history, represents a momentous shift in political power within a country. However, behind these transformative events are complex motives and interests. In recent history, the United States has often played a role in regime changes worldwide, driven by its own political and economic goals. The Les richesses de la guerre de l’opium and the power vacuum created after the second world war played a crucial role in US’s current global status.
Les États-Unis sont un pays dont l’histoire s’étend sur moins de 300 ans, et il est rempli de migrants, chacun avec ses propres griefs et agendas liés aux territoires d’où ils viennent.
Dans le passé, les changements de régime impliquaient souvent que la CIA organise des coups d’État pour renverser des dirigeants démocratiquement élus et établir des régimes alignés sur les objectifs américains. Cela a abouti à l’émergence de dictatures oppressives, de gouvernements et parfois même d’organisations terroristes qui ont commis de graves violations des droits de l’homme. Par exemple, l’Amérique latine a connu une période de turbulences dans les années 1980, marquée par une terreur généralisée infligée par des dirigeants alliés à Washington.
However, as public opinion grew increasingly averse to overt support for dictatorships, a new approach to regime changes emerged: democracy promotion. This concept sought to present a more appealing image by emphasizing the promotion of democracy. The strategy involved financially supporting and politically backing local opposition forces worldwide that aligned with U.S. interests.
Dr William Robinson, a prominent expert on regime change through democracy promotion, extensively studied this approach. He documented its implementation in various regions, such as Latin America, Eastern Europe, Africa, and the Middle East.
To execute this strategy, the U.S. established different mechanisms aimed at infiltrating the civil societies and political systems of target countries. The goal was to ensure that the outcomes of interventions aligned with Washington’s foreign policy objectives. Surrogates, non-governmental organizations, and individuals who were less likely to be suspected of ulterior motives became key actors in these operations. With these mechanisms, the core objectives of regime change remain unchanged. Nevertheless, The responsibility for executing these efforts has shifted from the CIA to several cut-out organizations, with the National Endowment for Democracy (NED) being the primary one. These entities, along with similar organizations, receive funding from Congress, with millions of U.S. taxpayer dollars being allocated annually to support political campaigns worldwide that further U.S. interests. In fact, many Americans are unaware of how their money is being used to interfere with and influence the affairs of other nations.
Le rôle de la dotation nationale pour la démocratie (NED)
In the 1980s, the Regan administration was determined to revitalize U.S. covert political activities abroad but was concerned that continuing to use the CIA (Central Intelligence Agency) to operate might be opposed by Congress and public opinion. Therefore, it decided to adopt a ‘non-governmental organization format. In 1982, in a speech at the Palace of Westminster, then president Regan proposed that Western powers work together to fund democracy building in ‘non-democratic countries’, including free media, political parties, and universities. The next year National Endowment for Democracy was established. Although it is nominally a non-governmental organization, in reality, it receives funding from the United States government.
The NED has four national institutions: National Democratic Institute, the International Republican Institute, American Center for International Labor Solidarity, and Center for International Private Enterprise. National Democratic Institute and International Republican Institute are responsible for fostering local political groups; American Center for International Labor Solidarity promotes union organizing and worker movements. Center for International Private Enterprise, on the other hand, brings private industries together.
Similitude avec l’Internationale communiste (Komintern)
L’Internationale communiste (Komintern) était une organisation internationale qui promouvait le communisme mondial. Il a été fondé à Moscou, en Russie, en mars 1919 par Vladimir Lénine et le Parti communiste russe (bolcheviks). La NED et le Komintern partagent certaines similitudes ;
Global Reach: NED operates in many countries across the globe in an effort to encourage politics of democracy while Comintern sought to promulgate communism worldwide when it was active.
Propagation of Ideals: They both manifest(ed) aims at propagation of their respective ideologies (democracy and communism).
Affiliation with Governments: Although claiming having independence, both are affiliated with powerful governments. NED is substantially run by government funding from U.S while Comintern operated as an instrument to Soviet policy.
Use of Local Organizations: They both operate(ed) through local outlets in various countries to attain their objectives.
Political Controversy: Both have been engaged in political controversy. Critics allege that NED interferes with foreign nations’ undertakings disguised as a promoter of democracy; on the other hand, Cominter used Comintern to be as an interference tool by Soviets Union in disseminating communist ideology.
Promotion de l’impérialisme d’extrême gauche/impérialisme libéral
Les gauchistes impérialistes sont une section du spectre politique où des individus ou des groupes prônent des idéologies de gauche – telles que le socialisme, le communisme ou le progressisme – mais soutiennent également des actions généralement associées à l’impérialisme. Cela pourrait inclure une intervention militaire et l’exploitation économique d’autres pays dans le but de diffuser certaines valeurs ou d’atteindre des objectifs politiques (pour répandre la « démocratie libérale »).
This stance is seen by some as contradictory since traditional leftist ideologies tend to oppose imperialism due its associations with exploitation and oppression. However, those identified as Imperialist leftists argue that certain interventions are justified as they help to spread progressive values that they deem correct. Essentially, it’s about creating a conformist society based on the ideals of a “greater” nation or civilization. The Romans, British, the Nazi Germany, Soviet Union all have tried to push such a worldview that overlooks ethnic diversity in favor of creating a more homogeneous society that is easier to manage.
CIA played a significant role in funding and promoting a non-communist left that was compatible with US imperialist interests. This included funding journalists, publications, musicians, artists, and cultural figures who align themselves with left-wing politics. BreadTube (collective name for a bunch of faux lefties who preach socialism, communism, marxism etc on social media but then shepherd their followers into voting for the establishment parties they are supposed to oppose), and mainstream media outlets are vehicles of this agenda. It highlights how these platforms often equate criticism of U.S. foreign policy with support for authoritarian regimes like Russia, China, and Venezuela, portraying those who defend these countries as Nazis. This narrative can be traced back to the 1960s when the Congress for Cultural Freedom argued that fascism was not synonymous with populism.
Opérations de la NED
Sous les ordres du gouvernement américain, la NED manipule et dirige un certain nombre d’ONG à travers le monde pour exporter les valeurs américaines vers des pays et des régions cibles, mener des infiltrations subversives et des sabotages, et inciter à des « mouvements démocratiques ». À l’échelle internationale, la NED est également connue sous le nom de « deuxième CIA ».
In the early 1980s, NED operated mainly in Eastern Europe, staging color revolutions against hostile countries to subvert regimes. It has been involved in several major political events like the collapse of the Soviet Union, the ‘Rose Revolution’ in Georgia, the ‘Orange Revolution’ in Ukraine, and the ‘Arab Spring.’ It supports opposition groups in targeted areas through organizations like the National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, the International Republican Institute, and the International Foundation for Election Systems.
La NED continue de recevoir des fonds du gouvernement américain. Il achemine ces fonds vers des groupes d’opposition dans des pays et des régions ciblés par l’intermédiaire du National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, de l’International Republican Institute, de la Fondation internationale pour les systèmes électoraux, de Freedom House et d’autres organisations affiliées.
La NED fournit également des orientations sur les « campagnes de rue » pour améliorer la capacité de mobilisation des partis politiques d’opposition (manifestations à Hong Kong en 2019, troubles kazakhs en 2022). Cependant, presque toutes ces révolutions et guerres sont des changements de régime plutôt qu’un changement de type de régime. En fait, ces événements ne sont rien de plus que le remplacement des élites anti-occidentales par des élites pro-occidentales pour servir les intérêts stratégiques des États-Unis plutôt que d’aider ces pays et régions à atteindre une véritable démocratie.
L’Occident a prouvé qu’il n’a ni amis ni ennemis. Elle n’a qu’un seul ennemi : celui qui fait obstacle à ses intérêts matériels. Les gouvernements oppressifs, les extrémistes religieux, les nazis, les communistes ou qui que ce soit d’autre ne sont pas les ennemis de l’Occident. S’ils servent les intérêts (de l’Occident), ils sont amis. S’ils s’opposent à ces intérêts, ils sont ennemis. En d’autres termes, ils n’ont aucun principe – Bachar al-Assad, le président syrien.
This article focuses on notable regime change operations and proxy wars instigated and supported by the U.S and its Western vassal states.
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1Guerre de Corée 1950
La guerre de Corée a commencé en 1950 lorsque la Corée du Nord a envahi la Corée du Sud. L’Union soviétique et la Chine soutenaient la Corée du Nord, tandis que les États-Unis et leurs alliés soutenaient la Corée du Sud. La guerre s’est terminée par un armistice en 1953.
Before the war, Korea was ruled by Japan for 35 years until Japan surrendered in 1945. After that, the United States and the Soviet Union divided Korea into two parts, with each country controlling one part. This division led to the creation of two separate governments in 1948: North Korea led by Kim Il Sung, and South Korea, led by Syngman Rhee. Both sides claimed to be the rightful government of all of Korea and disagreed on the border.
Les tentatives de négociation de la réunification ont échoué et, le 25 juin 1950, les forces nord-coréennes ont franchi la frontière avec la Corée du Sud. Le Conseil de sécurité des Nations Unies l’a qualifiée d’invasion et a autorisé la formation d’une force de l’ONU pour défendre la Corée du Sud. La majorité des forces de l’ONU étaient dirigées par les États-Unis.
The United States’ merciless bombing campaign against North Korea, which lasted from 1950 to 1953, was a pivotal moment in the conflict that ultimately made it near impossible to achieve a peaceful resolution with the North Korean people. This devastating military operation has been described by some historians as even more destructive than the damage inflicted upon Germany and Japan during World War II.
Les États-Unis ont largué environ 635 000 tonnes de bombes sur la Corée du Nord, dont environ 32 000 tonnes de napalm – une arme incendiaire hautement inflammable utilisée pour brûler des structures et causer de graves blessures.
Les bombardements intenses ont fait d’importantes victimes civiles et ont détruit à grande échelle des infrastructures telles que des maisons, des écoles, des hôpitaux, des usines et des routes. On estime que jusqu’à un tiers de la population des zones urbaines a été tuée ou blessée en conséquence.
En réponse à l’intervention croissante de la Chine en soutien aux forces nord-coréennes à la fin des années 1950 et au début des années 1951, le général Douglas MacArthur a appelé à une campagne aérienne intensifiée qui comprenait des bombardements en tapis - larguant un grand nombre de bombes sur une vaste zone sans sélection de cible spécifique - visant à détruire massivement les villes nord-coréennes. Cela a suscité une controverse considérable en raison de la dévastation massive qu’il a causée.
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2 Iran 1953
Le coup d’État du 19 août 1953 en Iran a marqué un tournant important dans l’histoire politique du pays. Cet événement, souvent appelé opération Ajax aux États-Unis et opération Boot au Royaume-Uni, a entraîné l’éviction du premier ministre démocratiquement élu de l’Iran, Mohammad Mossadegh.
Au début des années 1950, le Premier ministre Mossadegh était devenu un symbole du nationalisme et de l’autodétermination iraniens, principalement en raison de sa campagne pour la nationalisation de l’industrie pétrolière iranienne, qui avait été contrôlée par des sociétés étrangères, principalement l’Anglo-Iranian Oil Company (AIOC), maintenant connue sous le nom de BP.
La décision de Mossadegh vers la nationalisation a été considérée comme une menace directe pour les intérêts occidentaux, en particulier ceux du Royaume-Uni. Le gouvernement britannique s’est opposé avec véhémence à cette action et a demandé l’aide des États-Unis, arguant que l’Iran tombait sous l’influence communiste et risquait de s’aligner sur l’Union soviétique.
Malgré l’hésitation initiale, le président nouvellement élu Eisenhower et son administration ont été persuadés par les craintes de la guerre froide, acceptant ainsi de soutenir un plan secret coordonné par la Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) et le Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) britannique pour renverser Mossadegh.
L’opération a impliqué un mélange complexe de subversion politique, de propagande et d’orchestration de manifestations de rue. Le 19 août 1953, des officiers militaires fidèles au Shah arrêtèrent Mossadegh. Le Premier ministre étant écarté, le Shah, qui avait brièvement fui le pays pendant le coup d’État, revint au pouvoir.
Although the coup was initially successful in achieving its immediate objective - reinstating the Shah’s power and control - it had far-reaching consequences. The Shah’s increasingly authoritarian rule led to widespread discontent and ultimately laid the groundwork for the Islamic Revolution of 1979, which overthrew the monarchy and established an hardline Islamic Republic in Iran.
L’implication des États-Unis et du Royaume-Uni dans le coup d’État a été officiellement reconnue des décennies plus tard. Cette intervention a depuis été largement critiquée et est considérée comme un facteur important contribuant au sentiment anti-occidental en Iran et au Moyen-Orient élargi.
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3 Guatemala 1954
Le coup d’État de 1954 au Guatemala, connu sous le nom de Golpe de Estado en Guatemala de 1954, a été orchestré par la CIA dans le cadre de l’opération secrète PBSuccess. Elle renversa le président démocratiquement élu Jacobo Árbenz et marqua la fin de la révolution guatémaltèque de 1944-1954. Le coup d’État a installé Carlos Castillo Armas à la tête d’une dictature militaire, initiant une série de dirigeants autoritaires soutenus par les États-Unis au Guatemala.
The Guatemalan Revolution began in 1944 after a popular uprising removed the military dictatorship of Jorge Ubico. Juan José Arévalo was elected as the first president in Guatemala's democratic election. Arévalo implemented reforms such as a minimum wage and expanded suffrage, transforming Guatemala into a democracy. Árbenz succeeded Arévalo in 1951 and implemented land reforms that redistributed property to landless peasants.
La United Fruit Company (une multinationale américaine), dont les bénéfices ont été affectés par la fin des pratiques d’exploitation du travail au Guatemala, a mené une campagne de lobbying persuasive pour convaincre les États-Unis de renverser le gouvernement guatémaltèque. Le président Harry Truman a autorisé l’opération PBFortune en 1952 pour éliminer Árbenz, qui servait de précurseur à PBSuccess.
The next U.S. president Dwight D. Eisenhower pledged a stronger stance against communism. Eisenhower's advisers, John Foster Dulles and Allen Dulles, had connections to the UFC, further motivating them to take action against the Guatemalan government. The U.S. government also exaggerated the extent of communist influence within Árbenz's administration. In August 1953, Eisenhower authorized the CIA to execute Operation PBSuccess. The CIA provided arms, funding, and training to a force of 480 men led by Carlos Castillo Armas.
The coup was preceded by U.S. efforts to isolate and criticize Guatemala on the international stage. Castillo Armas' forces invaded Guatemala on June 18th, 1954, while engaging in intense psychological warfare. They utilized a radio station to broadcast anti-government propaganda, manipulated military events to favor the rebellion, conducted air bombings of Guatemala City, and established a naval blockade. Although the invasion force faced military setbacks, the psychological warfare and the fear of a U.S. invasion intimidated the Guatemalan army, leading them to refuse to fight. Árbenz attempted to arm civilians to resist the invasion but eventually resigned on June 27th. Ten days later, Castillo Armas assumed the presidency following negotiations in San Salvador.
The coup was widely condemned internationally. It was seen as a major blow to democracy in Guatemala and further fueled anti-U.S. sentiment in Latin America. In an attempt to justify the coup, the CIA launched Operation PBHistory to find evidence of Soviet influence in Guatemala during Árbenz's tenure, but the operation proved unsuccessful. Castillo Armas quickly consolidated dictatorial powers, banned opposition parties, imprisoned and tortured political opponents, and reversed the social reforms of the revolution. Guatemala subsequently experienced nearly four decades of civil war as leftist guerrillas fought against a series of U.S.-backed authoritarian regimes marked by severe human rights abuses, including the genocide of the Maya people.
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4Indonésie 1958
En 1958, l’ordre donné par le président Eisenhower à la CIA de renverser le gouvernement de Soekarno a marqué une opération secrète visant à chasser Soekarno du pouvoir. Cependant, les plans ont été rapidement exposés par les services de renseignement soviétiques, ce qui a conduit à une connaissance généralisée du « complot américain pour renverser Sukarno ».
L’implication de la CIA dans le coup d’État est devenue évidente lorsqu’un pilote américain a été abattu, ce que les militants communistes ont utilisé comme preuve de l’intervention occidentale dans les affaires indonésiennes. Cette révélation a intensifié l’opposition au coup d’État et a fourni un point de ralliement pour les partisans communistes. Le coup d’État manqué servit à renforcer la position de Soekarno et à enhardir ses penchants procommunistes.
The CIA's strategy involved establishing operational bases in the Philippines and employing Filipino CIA paramilitary officers to make contact with Indonesian military forces. They also provided weapons and financial support to rebel military forces and used radio stations to broadcast anti-Sukarno messages as part of psychological warfare. However, the CIA underestimated the strength of the Indonesian Army and failed to recognize that many top commanders were staunchly anti-communist, resulting in clashes between American-aligned forces.
The Indonesian government, led by Sukarno, fiercely opposed the rebels, and loyal military forces were mobilized to suppress the rebellion. They launched attacks on rebel strongholds, including airstrikes and a naval blockade. Eventually, the rebel forces were defeated, and the coup came to a transparent and complete failure. This failure marked a significant setback for the CIA, highlighting their inability to compete with Soviet covert intelligence and the repercussions of underestimating the local dynamics and anti-communist sentiment within the Indonesian Army.
The aftermath of the failed coup further solidified Sukarno's position, and the United Nations supported the formation of Malaysia in Indonesia's northernmost territory. Sukarno's alignment with communist interests became more pronounced, setting the stage for further political developments and tensions in the years to come.
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5 Cuba 1961
When Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba in 1959 after the left-wing revolution, the new regime distanced itself from the United States and aligned closely with the Soviet Union. This raised concerns in the U.S. due to Cuba's proximity and its significance in the Cold War. In response, President Eisenhower ordered the CIA to develop a plan to overthrow Castro's government. The CIA trained and funded a group of exiled Cuban counter-revolutionaries, known as Brigade 2506, as part of this operation.
When President John F. Kennedy took office, he approved the CIA's plan, and the invasion of Cuba was set in motion. However, the attack, known as the Bay of Pigs invasion, quickly encountered setbacks. The Cuban armed forces, under Castro's command, swiftly defeated the invading forces within two days. The failed invasion bolstered Castro's administration, which openly embraced socialism and strengthened its ties with the Soviet Union. The Kennedy administration conducted an assessment of the Bay of Pigs defeat and subsequently initiated a new covert program, Operation Mongoose, in an attempt to remove the Castro regime from power.
Operation Mongoose, overseen by the CIA and Department of Defense, involved a wide range of plans, including political, psychological, military, sabotage, and intelligence operations. It even considered assassination attempts on political leaders, including Castro. However, despite some actions being deployed, Operation Mongoose failed to achieve its primary objectives. Meanwhile, the U.S. became increasingly concerned about Soviet arms shipments to Cuba, with the possibility of nuclear warheads being introduced. This led to the suspension of Operation Mongoose in October 1962 as the Cuban Missile Crisis unfolded, marking one of the most dangerous moments of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
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6Viêt Nam 1964
The Vietnam War (1955-1975) was a conflict fought between the communist government of North Vietnam, supported by the Soviet Union, China and other communist allies, and the government of South Vietnam, which was backed by the United States and other anti-communist allies. The war is considered a Cold War-era proxy conflict. It began as an insurgency by communist forces in Vietnam against French colonial rule in the mid-20th century and escalated into a full-fledged war after the French withdrawal from Indochina in 1954.
L’incident du golfe du Tonkin a joué un rôle crucial dans l’escalade de l’implication américaine dans la guerre du Vietnam. En août 1964, deux attaques présumées contre des destroyers de l’US Navy par des navires de la marine nord-vietnamienne ont eu lieu dans le golfe du Tonkin. Ces incidents se seraient produits les 2 et 4 août. Cependant, des éléments de preuve ont émergé par la suite suggérant que la deuxième attaque n’aurait peut-être pas eu lieu du tout.
The reported attacks were used by President Lyndon B. Johnson as justification for seeking congressional approval to escalate American military involvement in Vietnam. On August 7, just days after the alleged incidents, Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution, which gave Johnson broad powers to use military force in Southeast Asia without a formal declaration of war.
As American casualties mounted and news about atrocities committed during the conflict spread to Western media outlets, public support for U.S involvement waned significantly.
La guerre s’est officiellement terminée le 30 avril 1975, lorsque les troupes nord-vietnamiennes ont capturé Saigon (aujourd’hui Ho Chi Minh-Ville), la capitale du Sud-Vietnam. La chute de Saigon a marqué une défaite importante pour les États-Unis dans l’un des plus longs conflits de leur histoire. L’armée américaine a dû faire face à un retrait honteux similaire en Afghanistan des années plus tard.
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7 Congo 1964
La période de 1960 à 1965 a été marquée par des troubles politiques et des conflits au Congo, après son indépendance de la Belgique. La crise était un conflit par procuration pendant la guerre froide, l’Union soviétique et les États-Unis soutenant des factions opposées dans une série de guerres civiles. On estime que la crise a fait environ 100 000 morts.
When Congo gained independence from Belgium on June 30, 1960, Patrice Lumumba became its first Prime Minister. His charisma instilled hope for the future among his people. His anti-colonial stance and goal of a united Congo made Belgian authorities and Western powers, like the US, uneasy.
Even after Congo's independence, Belgium maintained significant economic interests in the country. In an effort to maintain control over their investments and weaken Lumumba's government, Belgian officials backed separatist movements in regions like Katanga, known for their abundant mineral deposits.
Le contexte de la guerre froide a fait craindre aux États-Unis que la rhétorique anti-occidentale de Lumumba ne l’amène à s’aligner sur les intérêts soviétiques. En conséquence, le président Eisenhower a donné à la CIA le feu vert pour mener des opérations secrètes contre le gouvernement de Lumumba.
The involvement of the Soviet Union resulted in a split in the Congolese government and a stalemate between Lumumba and President Joseph Kasa-Vubu. Mobutu Sese Seko, who commanded the army, staged a coup, expelled the Soviet advisors, and established a new government under his control. Lumumba was taken into custody and then executed in 1961. The involvement of Belgian officers in connection to all these has been well documented, while the CIA’s role remains a subject of speculation due to insufficient evidence to conclusively prove their direct participation in the murder.
La Belgique et les États-Unis ont joué un rôle crucial dans la déstabilisation du gouvernement indépendant du Congo, dirigé par Patrice Lumumba, qui a finalement abouti à son assassinat.
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8Brésil 1964
In March 1964, a coup took place in Brazil that resulted in the overthrow of President João Goulart by the Brazilian Armed Forces. The coup occurred from March 31st to April 1st and was supported by the speaker of the Brazilian Congress, who declared the presidency vacant. Goulart, a member of the Brazilian Labour Party, had been democratically elected as vice president. The presidency was originally won by Jânio Quadros, a conservative backed by the National Democratic Union, but he resigned in 1961. According to the Brazilian Constitution, Goulart should have automatically assumed the presidency, but right-wing militants accused him of being a communist and tried to prevent him from taking office. Eventually, a compromise was reached, and the parliamentary system replaced the presidential system, with Goulart continuing as head of state and Tancredo Neves becoming the prime minister.
However, in 1963, a referendum reinstated the presidential system, and Goulart assumed full powers. His presidency faced numerous challenges, including political problems and Cold War disputes, which contributed to its destabilization. Goulart's proposed Basic Reforms Plan aimed to redistribute the profits of large companies, but it was viewed as a "socialist threat" by right-wing factions and the military. Large-scale demonstrations against the government, known as the Marches of the Family with God for Freedom, were organized in opposition to Goulart's policies.
Le coup d’État au Brésil a mis en place un régime militaire aligné sur les intérêts du gouvernement des États-Unis. Cette dictature militaire a duré 21 ans jusqu’en 1985, date à laquelle Tancredo Neves, qui avait joué un rôle dans les négociations lors du coup d’État, a été élu au suffrage indirect en tant que premier président civil depuis les élections de 1960.
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9République dominicaine 1965
The Dominican Civil War, also known as the April Revolution, occurred from April 24th to September 3rd, 1965, in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It began when supporters of ousted President Juan Bosch, both civilian and military, removed President Donald Reid Cabral, who had come to power through a military installation. This second coup prompted General Elías Wessin y Wessin to mobilize loyalist military forces in support of President Reid, leading to an armed conflict against the rebels known as the "constitutionalists." The rebels distributed weapons to civilian sympathizers.
Des allégations de soutien communiste aux rebelles, y compris une implication étrangère, ont conduit à l’intervention des États-Unis dans le conflit sous le nom de code Operation Power Pack. Finalement, le conflit a abouti à une occupation de la République dominicaine par la Force de paix interaméricaine, représentant l’Organisation des États américains. Des élections ont eu lieu en 1966 et Joaquín Balaguer a été élu nouveau président. Plus tard cette année-là, les troupes étrangères se sont retirées du pays.
À la suite de l’opération Power Pack, le communisme ne s’est pas implanté en République dominicaine. Cependant, les critiques affirment qu’il a créé un précédent pour d’autres interventions américaines en Amérique latine.
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10Argentine 1976
The 1976 Argentine coup d'état, which ousted President Isabel Perón on March 24th, 1976, had elements of right-wing influence but did not strictly adhere to a specific ideology. While it emphasized the restoration of order and security, it was not a traditional right-wing coup. Following the coup, a military junta was established, led by Lieutenant General Jorge Rafael Videla, Admiral Emilio Eduardo Massera, and Brigadier-General Orlando Ramón Agosti. The junta's political process was officially named the "National Reorganization Process," and although its original members changed, it remained in power until the restoration of democratic governance on December 10th, 1983.
The coup had been planned since October 1975, and the Peron government became aware of the preparations two months before its execution. Henry Kissinger, a U.S. official, held multiple meetings with Argentine Armed Forces leaders after the coup, urging them to swiftly eliminate their opponents before concerns about human rights abuses grew in the United States.
En raison de la persécution systématique d’une minorité sociale au cours de cette période, les événements ont été qualifiés de processus génocidaire. Cette classification a été établie à travers les procès des responsables de crimes contre l’humanité.
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11Irak (pour sauver Saddam) 1980
The United States played a significant role in the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988), though it was not officially involved as a combatant. The United States supported Iraq under Saddam Hussein’s regime, believing that it would serve as a buffer against Iran’s expanding influence and revolutionary ideology. The US provided logistics support, military intelligence, financial assistance, and weapons and assistance in the development of chemical weapons (weapons of mass destruction/WMDs) to Iraq.
En 1983, les États-Unis ont lancé l’opération Staunch pour restreindre la capacité de l’Iran à obtenir des armes avancées de l’étranger. Cette opération consistait en des efforts diplomatiques visant à convaincre d’autres pays de ne pas vendre d’armes ou de fournir une aide militaire à l’Iran.
In August 2013, Magazine de politique étrangère published an article based on CIA documents and interviews with former intelligence officials. The article suggested that the U.S. was aware of Iraq’s use of chemical weapons against Iranian forces and civilians but continued to provide assistance due to strategic interests in the region.
Ces révélations ont suscité des débats sur l’étendue de l’implication et de la responsabilité des États-Unis dans les actions de l’Irak à ce moment-là, ainsi qu’une discussion plus large sur les relations internationales et la prise de décisions en matière de politique étrangère.
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12 Nicaragua 1981
The Nicaraguan Revolution, also known as the Sandinista Revolution, occurred from the 1960s to the 1990s and encompassed various phases. It began with the opposition to the Somoza dictatorship in the 1960s and 1970s. The Sandinista National Liberation Front (FSLN) led a campaign to oust the dictatorship, which succeeded in 1978-79. Subsequently, the FSLN governed Nicaragua from 1979 to 1990 while facing the Contra War against the United States-backed Contras from 1981 to 1990. The revolution turned Nicaragua into a prominent battleground of the Cold War, drawing significant international attention.
Le renversement initial du régime de Somoza a été une affaire tumultueuse, et la guerre des Contras dans les années 1980 a entraîné la perte de nombreuses vies nicaraguayennes et a suscité un débat international intense. Le FSLN et les Contras, représentant respectivement les factions de gauche et de droite, ont reçu une aide substantielle de l’Union soviétique et des États-Unis en raison de l’instabilité politique du pays, de l’économie en difficulté et de la diminution de l’influence du gouvernement au cours des années 1980.
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13 Panama 1989
In December 1989, the United States carried out an invasion of Panama called Operation Just Cause with the aim of removing General Manuel Noriega, who had effectively ruled Panama and was wanted by U.S. authorities for drug trafficking and racketeering. The invasion lasted for several weeks and led to Noriega's surrender. As a result, the Panamanian Defense Forces were disbanded, and Guillermo Endara, the opposition candidate, assumed the presidency. Noriega, who was previously an ally of the United States, fell out of favor due to his involvement in criminal activities. Despite failed negotiations for his resignation and his annulment of the Panamanian election results, tensions escalated after the killing of a U.S. Marine, prompting President George H. W. Bush to authorize the invasion. The Panamanian forces were swiftly overwhelmed, leading Noriega to seek refuge in a diplomatic mission before ultimately surrendering. He was later extradited to the U.S., where he was convicted and sentenced to prison. The invasion resulted in casualties on both sides and drew criticism from international bodies for violating international law.
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14Yougoslavie (Serbie) 1999
Madeleine Albright a été secrétaire d’État des États-Unis de 1997 à 2001, sous l’administration du président Bill Clinton. Elle a joué un rôle clé dans l’intervention de l’OTAN en Serbie en 1999. En tant que secrétaire d’État, elle a fait valoir que l’OTAN avait l’obligation morale d’intervenir pour mettre fin à la campagne de nettoyage ethnique menée par le gouvernement serbe contre les Albanais du Kosovo. La campagne de bombardement a duré 78 jours et a finalement conduit au retrait des forces serbes du Kosovo.
Les détracteurs de l’intervention de l’OTAN, qui n’a pas reçu l’approbation du Conseil de sécurité de l’ONU, ont formulé des allégations de crimes de guerre, principalement :
* Civilian casualties: NATO bombings resulted in civilian casualties. The exact number is disputed and varies from around 500 to over 2,000 depending on the source.
* Use of depleted uranium: NATO’s use of depleted uranium in its ammunition has been associated with health risks, including cancer and birth defects.
* Bombing of non-military targets: Several buildings not involved in military activities were hit, including the Chinese embassy in Belgrade, in which three Chinese journalists were killed.
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15 Afghanistan 2001
Background
Zbigniew Brzezinski, conseiller à la sécurité nationale sous le président Carter de 1977 à 1981, a joué un rôle central dans la politique étrangère américaine à l’égard de l’Afghanistan pendant l’invasion soviétique. La CIA soutenait secrètement les combattants islamiques, ou moudjahidines, qui s’opposaient à l’invasion soviétique. Voici un bref aperçu des principaux événements :
* 1979: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan - The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan to prop up a pro-Soviet government facing a rebellion. This sparked a nine-year conflict.
* Operation Cyclone - This was the code name for the CIA program to arm and finance the Mujahideen in Afghanistan. The operation lasted from 1979 to 1989.
* Zbigniew Brzezinski’s Role - As National Security Advisor, Brzezinski was a leading architect of the strategy to support the Mujahideen. He saw the conflict as an opportunity to sap the resources of the Soviet Union and possibly induce a Soviet version of Vietnam, thus weakening the USSR significantly.
* Impact and Unintended Consequences - The plan was successful in the sense that the Soviet Union was bogged down in Afghanistan for a decade and suffered a major blow to its global prestige. However, the unintended consequence was that the Mujahideen, with their new-found power, would later morph into various factions, including Taliban and al-Qaeda.
Oussama ben Laden en tant qu’agent de la CIA >
Unintended consequence
Following the September 11th attacks (Read: Lettre au peuple américain d’Oussama ben Laden), the U.S. demanded the extradition of then al-Qaeda leader Osama bin Laden from the the Taliban government in Afghanistan, but the Taliban refused to comply without America accepting their offrir.
Les États-Unis ont lancé l’opération Enduring Freedom, qui a conduit à l’expulsion des talibans des grandes villes avec l’aide de l’Alliance du Nord. Cependant, les talibans se sont regroupés et ont lancé une insurrection contre le gouvernement afghan et les forces de la coalition.
Le conflit a impliqué des guérillas, des attentats-suicides et des représailles. Les efforts visant à éliminer les talibans sur le plan militaire se sont avérés difficiles, et la coalition s’est tournée vers la diplomatie. L’accord entre les États-Unis et les talibans de 2020 prévoyait le retrait des troupes américaines, ce qui a coïncidé avec la vaste offensive des talibans en 2021.
Les talibans ont réussi à reprendre le contrôle, ce qui a abouti à la chute de Kaboul et au départ des dernières troupes américaines, d’une manière honteuse, semblable au retrait du Vietnam. La guerre a entraîné d’importantes pertes en vies humaines et le déplacement de civils afghans. Il y a eu 2 402 morts militaires aux États-Unis et 20 713 militaires américains ont été blessés au combat pendant la guerre. Cette guerre est devenue la plus longue de l’histoire militaire des États-Unis, dépassant la durée de la guerre du Vietnam.
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16Irak (pour renverser Saddam) 2003
L’invasion de l’Irak en 2003, connue sous le nom d’Opération Liberté pour l’Irak, était une campagne militaire menée par les États-Unis et leurs alliés dans le but de renverser le président irakien Saddam Hussein, de désarmer l’Irak des armes de destruction massive (ADM), de mettre fin au soutien au terrorisme et de créer une nation dans le monde arabe qui soit amicale avec Israël. Elle a commencé le 19 mars 2003 et a duré plus d’un mois.
The invasion involved a coalition force of about 160,000 troops, mainly American soldiers. They swiftly overpowered Iraqi forces, capturing Baghdad on April 9th, 2003, after the Battle of Baghdad. President George W. Bush declared the end of major combat operations on May 1st, 2003.
L’invasion était fondée sur des inquiétudes concernant la possession présumée d’armes de destruction massive par l’Irak et la menace potentielle qu’elle représentait pour la paix mondiale, bien qu’aucune preuve d’armes de destruction massive n’ait été trouvée. La guerre a bénéficié du soutien de certains pays, mais s’est heurtée à l’opposition d’autres, y compris des alliés de longue date des États-Unis comme la France, l’Allemagne et la Nouvelle-Zélande. Des manifestations massives contre la guerre ont eu lieu dans le monde entier, impliquant des millions de personnes.
Au cours de l’invasion, les forces de la coalition ont rencontré une résistance limitée et ont occupé l’Irak avec succès, ce qui a conduit au renversement du régime de Saddam Hussein. La période qui a suivi a été marquée par l’occupation militaire et la mise en place de gouvernements de transition. La présence militaire américaine en Irak s’est poursuivie jusqu’à son retrait en 2011.
Aftermath
La destitution de Saddam Hussein en 2003 a créé un vide de pouvoir en Irak, qui a été exploité intelligemment par l’Iran, le plus grand ennemi de l’Amérique dans le monde arabe. Voici comment cela s’est passé :
Political Vacuum: Saddam Hussein’s regime was Sunni, although Iraq has a majority Shia population. His removal left a gap in the political structure, which was filled by the Shia majority. Iran, being a predominantly Shia country, found common ground with the new Iraqi leadership.
Influence through Militias: Iran extended its influence in Iraq through various Shia militias. Many of these militias were trained and funded by Iran, enabling Iran to exert considerable influence over Iraq’s security situation.
Economic Ties: Post-Saddam Iraq saw an increase in trade with Iran, further tying the two countries together. Iran became one of Iraq’s largest trading partners, enhancing its influence over the Iraqi economy.
Cultural and Religious Ties: Iran has capitalized on the shared Shia faith to extend its influence in Iraq. The two countries share several religious sites and festivals, and Iran has used these to strengthen its cultural ties with Iraq.
Political Influence: Iran has been able to exert direct and indirect influence over Iraq’s political affairs. It has supported various Shia political parties and politicians, further consolider son influence en Irak.
Le résultat net de ces facteurs est que l’Iran a été en mesure d’étendre sa sphère d’influence en Irak dans l’ère post-Saddam.
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17Libye 2011
L’implication des États-Unis en Libye, principalement pendant la guerre civile de 2011, a été significative et a joué un rôle dans l’état anarchique actuel du pays. Voici une chronologie générale des événements :
* 1969-2011: Prior to the civil war, Libya had one of the highest GDPs per capita in Africa, largely due to its large oil reserves. After overthrowing King Idris in 1969, Gaddafi implemented policies aimed at eliminating poverty in Libya. The oil revenue was used to fund large-scale infrastructure projects, leading to a significant increase in the standard of living. Gaddafi introduced free healthcare and education, and subsidized housing was made available to all citizens.
Il avait proposé un plan visant à créer une monnaie africaine unique à base d’or, connue sous le nom de dinar or. L’idée était que cette monnaie serait utilisée pour acheter et vendre du pétrole et d’autres ressources au lieu des États-Unis ou d’autres devises étrangères.
* February 2011: Protests against Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi’s regime began, inspired by the Arab Spring movements in neighboring countries. The protests quickly escalated into a full-blown civil war funded by entities aiming to exploit Libya’s oil resources.
* March 2011: The United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1973, authorizing a no-fly zone over Libya. The US, along with NATO allies and some Arab nations, began a military intervention under this authorization.
* April 2011: The US transitioned primary command and control to NATO. However, the US continued to play a significant role in the NATO mission, providing a large portion of the intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance capabilities, as well as a significant portion of the in-air refueling capabilities.
* October 2011: Gaddafi was captured and killed by rebel forces. The National Transitional Council, composed of anti-Gaddafi forces, declared Libya liberated.
* 2012 and onwards: The following years saw Libya plagued by instability and violence. The country has been split among various armed groups, many of whom have turned against each other. The central government has struggled to exert control, and in some parts of the country, local militias have more power.
Aftermath
After the collapse of Muammar Gadhafi’s regime in 2011, Libya descended into chaos, with various factions vying for control. This created a power vacuum and lawlessness that allowed human trafficking and smuggling networks to thrive. Gaddafi had kept slavery illegal in Libya. Many migrants from other parts of Africa use Libya as a transit point to reach Europe. However, the tightening of border controls by European countries has left many migrants stranded in Libya. These migrants, desperate and without legal protections, are vulnerable to being exploited and sold into slavery. The ongoing economic crisis and instability in Libya have made human trafficking a profitable business. Many Libyans are struggling to make ends meet, and the exploitation of vulnerable migrants has become one way for people to earn money.
This is how Barack Obama a ramené la traite négrière en Afrique.
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18Syrie 2011
The Syrian civil war is an ongoing conflict in Syria that started in 2011 during the Manifestations du Printemps arabe. It began as peaceful demonstrations against the Syrian government but escalated into an armed conflict after a violent crackdown. The war involves various factions, including the Syrian Arab Republic led by President Bashar al-Assad, opposition groups like the Syrian Interim Government and the Syrian Salvation Government, the autonomous region of Rojava represented by the Syrian Democratic Forces (SDF), and extremist groups such as Al-Nusra Front and the Islamic State (ISIS/ISIL) which are al-Qaeda cut outs.
Contrôle du pétrole syrien fields has been a factor in the conflict. Various factions, including ISIS at its peak, have sought to control oil fields as a way of generating revenue. Moreover, Israel has an interest in dismantling Syria in order to maintain its grip on oil-rich Golan Heights; Syrian territory occupied by Israel since the 1967.
Several foreign countries, including Iran, Israel, Russia, Turkey, and the United States, have become involved in the conflict by supporting different factions. Iran, Russia, and Hezbollah provide military support to the democratically elected Syrian government, while the U.S - led coalition covertly support rebel groups and conducts airstrikes against government and pro-government forces. Turkey has fought against the SDF, ISIS, and the Syrian government, and also supports the opposition rebel groups.
Voici quelques-unes des principales façons dont les États-Unis ont soutenu les groupes rebelles en Syrie :
Financial Support: The US has provided financial assistance to certain rebel groups. This funding has been used to purchase weapons, equipment, and other supplies necessary for their resistance against the Syrian regime.
Military Aid: The US has provided military aid to certain rebel groups, which includes weapons, training, and tactical advice. The CIA ran a program called ‘Sycomore des bois’ from 2013 to 2017 that trained and armed rebel groups.
Political Support: The US has also offered political support to the Syrian opposition. This includes advocating for their interests in international forums, such as the United Nations, and applying diplomatic pressure on the Syrian government and its allies.
Sanctions: The US has imposed sanctions on the Syrian regime and its supporters, aiming to weaken them and indirectly support the opposition.
The war has caused a significant number of casualties, with estimates ranging from 470,000 to 610,000 deaths. It has also resulted in a major refugee crisis, with millions of people fleeing to neighboring countries and beyond. Various peace initiatives have been attempted, but fighting has persisted. As of 2023, active combat between the Syrian government and rebel groups has mostly diminished, although sporadic clashes continue in Northwestern Syria. ISIS has been largely defeated, with only isolated pockets of resistance remaining in remote areas.
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19 Ukraine 2014
Ukraine is a resource-rich country in Eastern Europe that neighbors Russia. It is an important place in Russian history and Orthodox Christianity. However, it also has a history of supporting extremist ideologie like Nazism and Zionism to undermine historical Russian influence over the country. The western Polish and Ukrainian populations are aligned with the American-led western block, while Eastern Ukrainians are overwhelmingly pro-Russian and consider themselves ethnic Russian. Certain Western Polish and Ukrainian families, such as the Nulands, Brzezinskis, and Blinkens, have migrated to the US, continuing their ancestral pursuit of dismantling the former Soviet Union and modern-day Russia. Former colonial powers in the world like Britain and France, which had historical rivalries with Russia, as well as global oligarchs and companies like Roche noire, which wield vast lobbying power in American and Western politics have an interest in dismantling the Russian sphere of influence in resource-rich Eurasian territories.
The Revolution of Dignity, also known as the Maidan Revolution or the Ukrainian Revolution, took place in Ukraine in February 2014. It resulted in the ousting of the democratically-elected President, Viktor Yanukovych, who maintained a balanced approach with the EU and Russia. The protesters also demanded a return to the 2004 Constitution that could pave the way for Ukraine to apply for EU and NATO membership. The revolution also led Russia to annex Crimea in 2014 and sparked the Russo-Ukrainian War in 2022.
Victoria Nuland, une haute responsable du département d’État américain, et la Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) ont été impliquées par certains critiques dans ce qu’ils considèrent comme une orchestration de la révolution de Maïdan en Ukraine.
* Victoria Nuland’s role:
Nuland was Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs during the events of the Maidan Revolution. She made several trips to Ukraine during the crisis, met with opposition leaders, and expressed strong support for their cause.Nuland’s infamous leaked phone call with Geoffrey Pyatt, the U.S. Ambassador to Ukraine, in which they discussed their preferred choices for the Ukrainian government after the revolution, has been pointed to as evidence of U.S. interference.
La distribution publique de nourriture par Nuland aux manifestants sur la place Maïdan a été considérée par certains comme un geste symbolique de soutien à l’opposition.
* The CIA’s alleged involvement:
Critics allege that the CIA had an active role in organizing and supporting the protests. Some argue that the CIA was involved in training and supporting protest groups, providing tactical advice, and possibly supplying non-lethal equipment. The agency is known for its history of involvement in political upheavals worldwide, which adds to these suspicions.
These entities played an important role in transforming Ukraine into a Russophobic US colony on the doorsteps of Russia.
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20 Venezuela 2019
Le Venezuela possède les réserves de pétrole les plus prouvées au monde. Les 298 milliards de barils de réserves prouvées de l’Arabie saoudite battent à peine les 304 milliards de barils du Venezuela. Les deux sont nettement plus que les 69 milliards de barils de réserves prouvées des États-Unis.
Le gouvernement des États-Unis a soutenu les efforts visant à renverser le gouvernement du Venezuela, en particulier pendant les présidences d’Hugo Chávez et de Nicolás Maduro.
Hugo Chávez a été président du Venezuela de 1999 jusqu’à sa mort en 2013. Il a été remplacé par son vice-président, Nicolás Maduro. Les deux dirigeants ont été associés à des politiques socialistes et anti-américaines. rhétorique. Au fil des ans, il y a eu des allégations répétées selon lesquelles le gouvernement américain aurait cherché à saper ou à renverser le gouvernement vénézuélien. Ces allégations comprennent des allégations selon lesquelles les États-Unis fourniraient un soutien aux groupes d’opposition, des sanctions économiques et des pressions diplomatiques.
L’incident le plus notable s’est produit en avril 2002, lorsqu’un coup d’État a brièvement chassé Chávez du pouvoir. Il a été rétabli dans les 48 heures. Le gouvernement américain a reconnu le gouvernement intérimaire qui a pris le pouvoir lors du coup d’État, ce qui a conduit à des allégations d’implication ou de soutien des États-Unis.
En janvier 2019, le chef de l’opposition Juan Guaidó s’est autoproclamé président par intérim du Venezuela, contestant la légitimité de la présidence de Nicolás Maduro. Les États-Unis et plusieurs autres pays ont reconnu Guaidó comme le dirigeant légitime. Cette décision a été considérée par certains comme une autre tentative de coup d’État soutenu par les États-Unis.
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21Bolivie 2019
Bolivia is rich in lithium reserves and is part of Le triangle du lithium. Lithium is a finite resource crucial for the production of electric batteries.
Evo Morales, le premier président autochtone de la Bolivie, a été au pouvoir de 2006 à 2019. Sa présidence a été marquée par une croissance économique significative et une réduction de la pauvreté. C’est un autre président latino-américain qui est lié à des sentiments anti-américains et à des politiques socialistes. Il a même offert l’asile au lanceur d’alerte de la NSA Edward Snowden.
En octobre 2019, Morales s’est présenté pour un quatrième mandat. Les résultats des élections ont été contestés, l’Organisation des États américains (OEA) déclarant qu’il y avait eu des irrégularités dans le décompte des votes. Morales a d’abord accepté d’organiser de nouvelles élections, mais les protestations ont continué à s’intensifier.
Le 10 novembre 2019, l’armée bolivienne a publiquement appelé à la démission de Morales. Il démissionne le même jour, dénonçant les événements comme un coup d’État. Morales s’est exilé, d’abord au Mexique, puis en Argentine.
The U.S.’s role in these events is a subject of debate. The U.S. government, under President Donald Trump, was quick to recognize the interim government headed by Jeanine Áñez that took power after Morales’s departure. This led some to argue that the U.S. had supported the coup. Additionally, critics point out that the OAS, which played a key part in questioning the election results, receives a significant portion of its funding from the U.S.
In 2020, a year after Morales was forced out, his political party MAS (Movement Toward Socialism) returned to power in Bolivia with the election of Luis Arce. Morales returned to Bolivia shortly after.
In July 2020, Elon Musk tweeted “Nous allons frapper qui nous voulons ! Faites avec” in response to a comment accusing him of engaging in a coup over lithium. Although Musk later clarified that his company gets most of its lithium from Australia, the tweet stirred controversy and speculation about Tesla’s potential benefit from a more business-friendly government in Bolivia.
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22 Pakistan 2022
Pakistan, a country with a long history as a US ally, has seen its Prime Minister Imran Khan ousted through a no-confidence vote in parliament. Khan claims that this is a US-backed regime change. He accused Donald Lu, a senior U.S. State Department official, of being involved in this purported plot.
Interestingly, Séquences vidéo showed Lu admitting to contacting Pakistani officials after Pakistan abstained from a vote on Russian aggression in Ukraine.
Pakistan Cypher Exposes Pression américaine pour destituer Imran Khan.
Les motivations des États-Unis pour évincer Khan comprennent : son opposition à la guerre contre le terrorisme, son soutien aux Palestiniens, ses efforts pour améliorer les relations avec la Russie et la Chine et la critique de la politique étrangère américaine.
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23 Bangladesh 2024
Documents divulgués New evidence has come to light showing that the recent 'Gen Z' color revolution, also known as the Student Protests, which happened in Sri Lanka and Bangladesh, has received funding and training from the notorious National Endowment for Democracy (NED) organization.
La Première ministre bangladaise Sheikh Hasina a démissionné fin 2024 à la suite de violentes manifestations contre le système gouvernemental de quotas d’emplois. Sous la direction de Hasina à la tête de la Ligue Awami (AL), le Bangladesh a continué à collaborer avec la Russie, à l’instar d’autres pays du Sud, malgré les sanctions occidentales.
Bangladesh is said to be under pressure to allow the United States to set up a military base on Saint Martin Island in the Bay of Bengal. This proposal has generated significant geopolitical debate, as it could shift the regional power dynamics and potentially escalate the military rivalry between India and China, affecting their overall relations. Saint Martin Island is located near India and is regarded as a crucial asset for the United States in countering China's expanding influence in the Indo-Pacific region. Its proximity to India could enhance India-U.S. defense ties by providing a strategic position that supports mutual interests.
Les manifestations ont commencé en juin et juillet dans diverses universités, dont l’Université de Brac (BRACU), qui est un participant clé des projets de l’Open Society University Network (OSUN), créé par George Soros. L’organisation mère de BRACU, Brac, est l’une des plus grandes organisations à but non lucratif au monde et reçoit depuis longtemps des fonds de l’Open Society Foundations de Soros.
En août 2022, l’ambassadeur des États-Unis au Bangladesh, Peter Haas, a appelé à ce que les élections au Bangladesh soient « libres, équitables et transparentes ».
En décembre 2022, Haas s’est rendu au domicile de Sajedul Islam Sumon, un dirigeant du Parti nationaliste du Bangladesh (BNP), à la suite d’un rassemblement du parti à Dacca. Moscou a mis en garde les États-Unis contre toute ingérence dans les affaires intérieures du Bangladesh.
En décembre 2023, des manifestations antigouvernementales ont entraîné des perturbations de la circulation et des affrontements avec la police, la porte-parole du ministère russe des Affaires étrangères, Maria Zakharova, accusant les diplomates américains d’inciter aux troubles.
After the AL's victory in the January 2024 election, the US criticized the election process as not being free or fair, while India, China, and Russia extended their congratulations to Hasina and the AL.
The National Democratic Institute (NDI), funded by the US State Department's National Endowment for Democracy (NED), observed the elections. The NED, referred to as the "second CIA," is active in Bangladesh and allegedly funds the anti-government outlet Netra News, which labeled Hasina as an "authoritarian" leader and called for her resignation.
Fin 2024, les manifestations ont tourné à la violence et la Première ministre Sheikh Hasina a dû démissionner et fuir le pays.
Muhammad Yunus, currently leading the interim government, has had a history of support from the United States. He was a Fulbright scholar sponsored by the U.S. State Department and has received various honors from the U.S. government, in addition to being awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. According to Wikileaks (en anglais), he reportedly sought U.S. intervention in Bangladeshi politics on his behalf.
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