Jadual Kandungan
Siapa yang tidak mahu tidur lewat dan menikmati hari cuti dari kerja atau sekolah? Cuti umum ialah hari yang membolehkan anda kebebasan ini. Ia adalah hari rehat dan perayaan, di mana kebanyakan orang tidak perlu bekerja. Secara amnya, cuti umum ditetapkan oleh undang-undang.
Most public holidays are days of celebration or commemoration – a religious festival like Christmas or Diwali or the anniversary of a historically important event like the gaining of independence. Public holidays may vary from country to country. For example, most European countries only have Christian holidays, while more multicultural countries like India and Malaysia celebrate festivals from many religions, which results in these countries having more public holidays. Some popular holidays like New Year and Christmas are public holidays or national holidays in many countries, while some holidays are unique to a country’s history or culture. Most countries in the world also celebrate National Day or Independence Day. For example, Americans celebrate the 4th of July or their Independence Day, while Australians celebrate Australia Day.
Holidays can fall on a specific day of the year (for example, December 25), on a moveable day or a particular day of the week in a particular month, or even follow another calendar system like the Lunar Calendar (for example, the first Sunday after the full moon on the spring equinox). This means some holidays don’t fall on the same date every year. They are determined by various bodies before the start of the year and the printing of calendars.
Sesetengah cuti bukan cuti satu hari. Sebagai contoh, cuti tahun baru tradisional mungkin melibatkan beberapa cuti umum untuk meraikan majlis yang sama. Untuk Tahun Baru Cina, pekerja mendapat tiga cuti sah di China; begitu juga, rakyat Sri Lanka mendapat dua cuti umum berturut-turut untuk meraikan tahun baru tradisional mereka pada bulan April. Di sesetengah negara Buddha, perayaan Waisak (untuk memperingati kelahiran Buddha) juga melibatkan dua cuti.
Holidays do give you a chance to get away from the stress of regular life, spend quality time with your family and friends, and boost your mental health. However, too many holidays can also have a negative impact on the country’s economy. An excessive number of holidays adversely affect the country’s productivity. Large transactions in a country, especially those related to the banking and financial system, can be held up for days when there are many holidays. Therefore, the government of a country needs to set up a reasonable number of holidays and take necessary steps to avoid any inconvenience caused by them.
Some countries have national laws making all public holidays paid holidays, but not all countries have this law. In such countries, whether employees get paid leave or not might depend entirely on the employers’ decision. In some countries, there are different types of holidays, known as bank holidays and mercantile holidays. Bank and mercantile holidays are holidays when banks, businesses, and other commercial establishments are closed for the day. In some countries, not all public holidays are bank or mercantile holidays. This means some employees have to work during public holidays.
Bilangan cuti umum setahun mungkin berbeza dari negara ke negara. Di sesetengah negara, jumlah ini juga mungkin berbeza dari rantau ke rantau. Tetapi semua negara mempunyai sekurang-kurangnya 5 atau 6 cuti umum setahun. Adakah anda tahu negara mana yang mempunyai cuti paling sedikit dan mana yang mempunyai cuti paling banyak? Nah, negara-negara yang mempunyai bilangan cuti umum paling sedikit termasuk Mexico, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Amerika Syarikat dan Kanada.
Artikel ini membentangkan negara-negara teratas dengan cuti umum terbanyak (dalam susunan menurun). Myanmar menduduki tempat teratas dalam senarai dengan 32 cuti umum, diikuti rapat oleh Nepal dengan 30 cuti. Baca lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui negara lain yang berada dalam senarai ini.
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1Myanmar : 32 cuti umum
Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, is a Buddhist country in Southeast Asia, but it celebrates festivals from different cultures and religions. The total number of public holidays in Myanmar is 32, making it the country with the most public holidays. Did you know that some holidays in Myanmar last more than 5 days? Myanmar New Year Holidays that fall in April is an 8-day holiday, while Thadingyut Holidays, which marks the end of Buddhist Lent, is a 5-day holiday. In addition to these Buddhist holidays, Myanmar also celebrates Islamic holidays like Eid-ul-Adha, Christian holidays like Christmas, and Hindu holidays like Diwali. The main national holidays in Myanmar are Independence Day on January 4 and Resistance Day on March 27. All in all, Myanmar has 32 public holidays per year, which makes it the country with the greatest number of public holidays in the world.
"Myanmar Buddhist Temple" (CC0) via Hippox
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2Nepal : 30 cuti umum
Nepal is a South Asian country with a variety of religious and non-religious holidays due to its diverse culture. Maha Shivaratri, Prithvi Jayanti, Majdur Diwas, Bakr-Id, and Buddha Jayanti are some examples. Some holidays can be state-specific or gender-specific. For example, religious holidays like Gai Jatra and Indra Jatra are only celebrated in Kathmandu valley, while Nari Diwas is a non-religious holiday to celebrate women. Meanwhile, the longest holiday in Nepal is Vijaya Dasham, which lasts for more than five days.
Nepal mempunyai enam hari bekerja seminggu, dan hari Sabtu dianggap sebagai cuti. Setiap tahun, semua pekerja berhak mendapat 13 cuti berbayar.
"Nepal" (CC0) via Pxhere
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3Iran : 26 cuti umum
Iran ialah negara Timur Tengah dengan sistem cuti umum yang kompleks. Memandangkan ia adalah sebuah negara Islam, kebanyakan cuti umumnya adalah berdasarkan peristiwa penting dalam kalendar Islam. Adalah penting untuk mengetahui bahawa negara ini menggunakan kedua-dua kalendar Hijriah lunar dan solar, dan hanya terdapat beberapa cuti umum tetap. Banyak cuti tidak rasmi ditambahkan pada kalendar setiap tahun, yang menjadikan bilangan cuti melebihi 26.
"Iran mosque" (CC0) via Pxhere
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4Sri Lanka : 25 cuti umum
Sri Lanka, a small island just below India, that has 25 public holidays. This high number of holidays is due to its multi-ethnic population. The main religious group in Sri Lanka are Buddhists, and it's known as one of the very few Buddhist countries in the world. Keeping in with the Buddhist tradition, every full moon day is known as a poya day and has a specific significance in the Buddhist history. Each full moon day in Sri Lanka is a public holiday. In addition, it also celebrates main Hindu, Muslim, and Christian holidays, letting the people enjoy 25 public holidays per year. The only non-religious public holidays are Labor Day on May 1 and Sri Lankan Independence Day on February 4. But note that not all these holidays are bank holidays or mercantile holidays.
“Sri Lanka” (CC0) via Pixabay
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5Malaysia : 23 hingga 25 cuti umum
Malaysia is one of the most developed countries in the world, as well as a multi-ethnic and multi-religious country. The public holidays in Malaysia are a mix of secular holidays celebrating the nation and its history, including traditional holidays of the various ethnic groups that make up the country. Chinese New Year, Vesak, Christmas Day, Ramadan, and Deepavali are a few holidays related to these various nationalities. The most widespread secular holiday is the "Hari Kebangsaan," the National Day.
"Malaysia" (CC0) via Pixabay
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6Bangladesh : 22 cuti umum
Bangladesh is one of the highest densely populated countries in the world, with a population of more than 165 million people in an area of 148,460 km2. Like its neighbor India, Bangladesh also celebrates several religious festivals. They celebrate four main Islamic holidays, two Hindu holidays, and one Buddhist and one Christian holiday. Some of the main national holidays include National Mourning Day on August 15 and Language Martyr's Day on February 21. The country has 22 public holidays in total.
"Bangladesh" (CC0) via Pxhere
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7Mesir : 22 cuti umum
Egypt is another country with 22 public holidays. However, granting public holidays is quite complex in Egypt. Holidays are a mix of non-secular days and religious days. It's an Islamic country, and the holidays are determined according to the Gregorian calendar as well as the Islamic lunar calendar. Therefore, some holidays are fixed, while the holidays that are determined by the lunar calendar are movable (they can fall on different dates in different years). There are four main Islamic holidays (Eid al-Adha, Eid al-Fitr, Islamic New Year, and Birthday of the Prophet Muhammad) and two Christian holidays.
Hari Kebangsaan Mesir jatuh pada 23 Julai. Perayaan tahunan revolusi Mesir 1952, yang mengisytiharkan republik moden Mesir, juga jatuh pada tarikh ini. Kalendar Mesir juga mempunyai cuti umum yang baru ditambah pada 25 Januari untuk memperingati pemberontakan awam 2011.
"Egypt Pyramid" (CC0) via Pixabay
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8Filipina : 22 cuti umum
Republik Filipina ialah sebuah negara kepulauan dengan lebih daripada 20 cuti umum setahun. Beberapa cuti ini termasuk Hari Bonifacio, Aidilfitri, dan Hari Rizal. Hari Kemerdekaan Filipina jatuh pada 12 Jun.
The Philippines mainly has two types of holidays as specified by the Labor Code of the Philippines: "regular holidays" and "special non-working days." There is a difference in the salary received by employees on these two types of holidays. On regular holidays, employees are entitled to 100% of their daily wage even if they don't work. But on special non-working days, employees do not get any pay if they don't work. In addition, if an employee works on a special non-working day, he or she is entitled to an additional payment of 30% of his/her daily wage.
"Philippines" (CC0) via Pixabay
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9Kemboja : 21 cuti umum
Cambodia is a Buddhist country. Cambodia has many public holidays, including both memorial holidays and religious holidays of Buddhist origin. Some of the memorial holidays include National Day of Remembrance on May 20, Constitution Day on September 24, Queen Mother's Birthday on June 18, and Independence Day on November 9. The Cambodian New Year, which falls on April 13 – 15, is considered to be the most important calendar and involves three days of celebration. The most significant Buddhist festivals are Visakh Bochea (falling in April or May) and Pchum Ben (falling in September or October). The traditional calendar is based on the movement of the moon, but calendar dates are synchronized with the solar year.
"Angkor Wat Cambodia" (CC0) via Pixabay
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10India : 21 cuti umum
India, the country with the second-highest population in the world, is a highly diverse land. Indians celebrate a variety of cultural and religious holidays, which are legislated at state or union levels. Indian states and territories have the right to choose holidays based on their culture, religious beliefs, events related to their area, and linguistic preferences.
More than 30 grand festivals are celebrated in major parts of India, along with smaller state festivals. Some of the main Hindu celebrations include Diwali, Holi, and Maha Shiva Rati, while the main Islamic celebrations include Ramadan and Laylat Al-Qadr. In addition, it also celebrates Buddhist holidays like the Buddha Jayanti and Christian holidays like Christmas and Easter. However, it only has three national festivals: Republic Day on January 26, Independence Day on August 15, and Gandhi Jayanti on October 2.
"India" (CC0) via Pixabay
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11Kazakhstan : 21 cuti umum
Kazakhstan, the world's largest landlocked country, also shares an impressive 21 holidays per year. Some of these holidays include Kazakhstan People's Unity Day on May 1, Eastern Orthodox Christmas on January 7, Defender of the Fatherland Day on May 7, and Capital City Day on July 7. Did you know that International Women's Day on March 8 is also a public holiday in Kazakhstan?
"Kazakhstan" (CC0) via Pixabay
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12Liechtenstein : 20 hingga 22 cuti umum
Pernahkah anda mendengar tentang Liechtenstein? Ia adalah sebuah negara kecil berbahasa Jerman antara Switzerland dan Austria, terkenal dengan keindahan pemandangan dan istana zaman pertengahan. Negara Eropah ini mempunyai banyak cuti umum jika dibandingkan dengan jirannya. Kebanyakan cuti ini berdasarkan cuti Kristian seperti Krismas dan Paskah. Di samping itu, Liechtenstein juga meraikan perayaan Kristian yang kurang dikenali seperti Kelahiran Mary dan Isnin Whit.
Dua cuti umum yang ditandakan pada kalendar Liechtenstein tidak mempunyai pengiktirafan undang-undang. Ini ialah Hari Saint Berchtold dan Shrove Selasa. Oleh itu, bilangan cuti umum di Liechtenstein adalah antara 20 – 22.
“Liechtenstein” (CC0) via Pixabay
