Prince Charles and Camilla are likely second cousins. Camilla's great-grandmother, Alice Keppel, was the mistress to Edward VII of England, and together they produced a daughter, Sonia. Camilla, the current wife of Prince Charles, is the granddaughter of Sonia. Charles and Camilla are second cousins once removed, so they are the product of a second-cousin marriage.

The royal family of Spain is a good example of inbreeding. The current King's parents, Juan Carlos and Sophia of Greece, both have issues with inbreeding. On Juan Carlos's side, we see the remnants of hemophilia passed down due to the intermarriage chronicled by Queen Victoria. Juan Carlos's uncles, Alfonso and Gonzalo, both died from a lack of blood clotting believed to have been caused by their mild inbreeding.

The King's mother, Sophia, arguably has one of the worst cases of modern-day inbreeding. Two of her great-grandparents were brother and sister, and what's even worse is the fact that her great-grandparents are also her great-great-grandparents because the German royal family intermarried.

Prince Philip, late Queen Elizabeth's husband, is also a product of royal inbreeding. Prince Philip, like the Queen, is the unfortunate product of intermarriage that wrapped European royal marriages in the 19th century.

To delve into the specifics, Prince Philip's maternal great-grandparents were Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. They were first cousins, sharing the same set of grandparents. This close familial relationship highlights the practice of intermarriage within the Victorian era and its impact on subsequent generations.

Additionally, both of Prince Philip's great-grandfathers played roles in perpetuating the pattern of inbreeding. His maternal great-grandfather, King Christian IX of Denmark, was a prominent figure in European royal circles. King Christian's daughter, Princess Alexandra of Denmark, married Queen Victoria's son, Edward VII, further consolidating the interconnections between royal families.

Prince Philip's other great-grandfather was Grand Duke Louis IV of Hesse and by Rhine. He married Queen Victoria's second daughter, Princess Alice, making them Prince Philip's maternal great-grandparents. What makes this connection particularly notable is that Grand Duke Louis IV was the uncle of Prince Philip's paternal great-grandfather, Grand Duke Ludwig III of Hesse and by Rhine. The marriage of Prince Philip's great-grandparents, Princess Alice and Grand Duke Louis IV, effectively made their children both first cousins and second cousins.

The King and Queen of Greece, Constantine II and Anne-Marie of Denmark, are cousins twice over, just like Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip. They are both descendants of Queen Victoria and King Christian, the 9th of Denmark. However, unlike the Queen and Prince of England, the King and Queen of Greece are triply related. They share the exact same consanguinity coefficient, which means the exact same amount of inbreeding.

Empress Napoleon, also known as Mary Louise of Austria, was part of an incredibly inbred family. When Napoleon struggled to provide an heir with his first wife, Josephine, he forced Josephine's daughter to marry his brother. This meant that his stepson was also his brother. However, the most inbred member of the Napoleonic family was Napoleon's second wife, Empress Napoleon. Born as Maria Ludovica Leopoldina Franziska Therese Josepha Lucia, Mary Louise hailed from the House of Habsburg, a family known for its extensive history of intermarriage and consanguinity. In the case of Mary Louise, her parents were double first cousins, intensifying the level of shared ancestry within her immediate family.

Alfonso, the Prince of Spain, was the heir to the Spanish throne in the 1920s, during a highly unstable time in Spanish politics. Like Edward VIII of England, Alfonso renounced his rights to the Spanish throne to marry a commoner. Unfortunately, he passed away in 1938 due to a car accident. His hemophilia, a condition that prevents blood clotting, caused him to bleed to death. Inbreeding within the Spanish royal family played a role in the occurrence of recessive genes inherited by Alfonso. As the great-grandchild of Queen Victoria, who carried hemophilia in her family, Alfonso faced increased risk. The Spanish royal family has a history of marrying close relatives, as mentioned before. Ultimately, Alfonso suffered due to the inbreeding of his ancestors and Queen Victoria's ambition to solidify her reputation as the grandmother of Europe.

Archduchess Gizella of Austria, daughter of Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elizabeth, is a lesser-known figure in history. She was the neglected daughter of her parents, who were first cousins. The intense strain caused by their inbreeding affected their children's health. For example, their eldest daughter Sophie died in infancy, likely due to the effects of inbreeding. Another child, Rudolf, suffered from genetic abnormalities and chronic depression, eventually taking his own life. Recent studies have shown a common occurrence of depression within the Habsburg dynasty, suggesting a genetic link. Gizella herself became a figurehead for the consequences of Habsburg inbreeding. She was forced to marry her own cousin at the request of her mother, resulting in physical and emotional suffering for her children. Among her four children, all of them shared eight great-grandparents, who, unfortunately, were not genetically diverse. This situation further compounded the issues caused by inbreeding.

Ludwig II, the Mad King of Bavaria, was a beloved cousin of Empress Elizabeth of Austria. He had a strong appreciation for the arts and commissioned the magnificent Neuschwanstein Castle in the 1800s. However, Ludwig suffered from intense feelings of depression, and his inbreeding is believed to be a significant contributing factor to his mental health struggles. Despite his artistic achievements, Ludwig was eventually dethroned, with his counselors claiming he was insane. Modern studies suggest that Ludwig's depression stemmed from intense guilt over his homosexuality. Nevertheless, inbreeding likely played a role in the intensity of his depression. Interestingly, Ludwig's successor was even more mentally unstable than he was.

Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii, the last reigning monarch of Hawaii, also had a high degree of inbreeding in her ancestry. It is important to note that there is an unfortunate stereotype about Hawaii having rampant inbreeding, which was not necessarily true in the modern period. However, Liliuokalani's family had close blood relationships. Her grandfather, High Chief Kamehameha, was her great-grandfather twice over because both of her grandfathers were brothers.

King Harald V of Norway holds the distinction of being one of the most inbred royals currently alive. His parents were first cousins, which significantly limited the number of unique great-grandparents he had. While most people have eight unique great-grandparents, Harald only has six. His grandmother and grandfather were not only siblings but also first cousins to each other. Further back in his ancestry, his great-grandmother, who appears twice, was the niece of his great-grandfather. This extensive inbreeding within Harald's lineage makes him the most inbred royal of the present time.

Credit card fraud is currently a trendy type of scam that refers to the unauthorized access or use of credit cards or debit cards to purchasing goods or services or making money transfers. Standard methods of doing credit card fraud are stealing or losing someone’s card, stealing card information (card number, pin, CVV, passcodes, etc.), or stealing from unsecured websites.

One can avoid credit card fraud by enabling SMS alerts and online banking to closely monitor unauthorized usages. Then if you notice any activity not done by you, you can disable your credit or debit card by contacting your bank.

Health fraud occurs when an individual, insurance agent, or medical office misuses insurance details for their own personal benefit. This will have a massive effect on the victim if a suspect has access to and uses your health insurance records for their own health benefits. The National Health Care Anti-Fraud Association records that health care fraud costs the industry tens of billions of dollars each year.

To prevent health care fraud, you should give more attention to medical bills, and insurance claims, checking if there are any services listed that you did not receive.

There have been many accusations of voter fraud in both the 2016 and 2020 Presidential Elections of the USA. Voter fraud is any type of illegal meddling with the voting process of an election. For example, cases such as voting using a false identity, voting twice, and buying or selling their vote can be given.

Many governments worldwide now have many tight regulations and independent regulatory bodies to stop these kinds of fraud. Yet still, there are some people and even governments themselves engage in voter fraud.

One of the worst types of fraud is when a scammer gets access to someone’s bank account. There are many ways that it can happen just by stealing a cheque from the post-box, scamming the e-mail to get account information, or some expert scammer will use malware or hacking tools to gain personal information.

If the victim does not have good attention to the bank account, scammers will drain all the money before they know it. Checking bank statements on at least a monthly basis will minimize the risk of these types of frauds.

You can do many things with your driving license, including boarding a plane, opening a bank account, and also you can drive. Therefore, if your driving license gets stolen, the thief can do those things with your name. An imposter will present your driving license at a traffic stop when they have violated the traffic rules, and you will have to pay the fine.

Scammers will even use it to do illegal activities, and you will have to go through a lot of trouble if authorities come for you.

Dry-cleaning operations became more common in the early 1940s due to oil shortages during the Second World War. Scammers took advantage of the businesses by taking the bill from legal dry cleaners and making 1,000 copies of it.

They will then send these bills to fancy hotels and restaurants, alleging that the victim's restaurant had spilled food, coffee, or champagne on a guest's luxurious suit. Although the dry-cleaning costs were often modest, restaurants and hotels would typically pay for it without asking any questions.

In the 1800s, horses were more than a magnificent animal. They were used for combat, shipping, agricultural work, mail distribution, hunting, and sport. Horses were also the most precious possession of their holders.

In 1889, a handsome man turned up at a farm promising to purchase a fine horse. He vowed that he would send $10 for the horse that day and $25 more a week later.

The next day, another gentleman walked up asking for the same horse but promised to pay an additional $25. The farmer accepted. When the first man returned to the horse, the farmer gave his money to the first gentlemen, plus an additional $10 for his troubles.

The second gentleman had never returned for the horse, and the two gentlemen had divided the defrauded money.

It's incredibly unusual for someone to have a distant relative they have never heard of, leaving them a huge amount of money. The inheritance scam initially comes with an e-mail or letter delivered via mail.

The document usually assures the individual that they will obtain a substantial inheritance; however, they must first give a sum of money to pay the administrative costs.

The individual who gets scammed sees the charge as a small payment relative to the vast amount of money they are going to get. Over the years, thousands of families and individuals have been scammed by false inheritance notices.

People have always been craving to look young. With the rapid growth of the means of socialization in the past few decades, society has put an enormous weight on their appearance. There are many famous instances where people have ruined their lives financially just to look attractive and young.

Scammers target the elder and relatively wealthy people by selling products with very little to no effect in concealing their age. Those anti-aging products are most of the time harmful and completely worthless.

Pyramid schemes are a widespread form of scam where members make money by enrolling more people to buy-in. Normally, the originator advises an initial group of people to buy in and advertise for the scheme. They are then persuaded to enroll others and guaranteed part of the money those people invest, while the founder also takes a share.

Most of the time, more than 80% of the participants of the schemes lose all their money. Even though pyramid schemes are illegal in most countries, they are hard to detect. Victims are often embarrassed at the end and do not report the fraud.

Fortune-telling has been in practice for thousands of years in various cultures all around the world, and still, they are very popular in Asian countries. But now, many people consider fortune-telling to be fraudulent activity.

Modern fortune-telling scam employs cold-reading abilities to detect the problems of the client. Fortune-tellers mostly refer to them as curses and charge money in order to diminish them. Once the client pays, these scammers do something fake, which will also convince them they are broken free from the curse.

Identity theft is done for many purposes by scammers, and it is reported that more than 9 million Americans have their identities robbed each year. They obtain the personal and financial information of other persons, and they use that information to do illegal and illicit transactions or purchases. Victims often face the consequences like damages to their finances, credit, and personal reputation.

Most of the time, these scammers pretend to be government or reputable authorities (e.g., IRS) to collect personal data. Ordinary people who have little knowledge of formal matters tend to fall victim to this type of fraud.

Even though many people have retirement plans, most of them mess things up with their savings after they finish working. The majority of the elderly population in the United States uses their Social Security cheques for their spending.

Scammers victimize those elderly people by pretending to be financial advisors to get into their retirement funds and savings. Finally, when they gain access to the funds, they disappear without a trace.

This was a popular scam during the Gold Rush in the 1800s in states like Arizona. The seller takes ore from a profitable mine and carefully disperse it on its non-productive mine, hoping to close the sale of the claim. Some scammers use shotguns, fill the load with gold dust, and blow the walls of the shaft, soaking them with gold particles. Gold was malleable and would imbue itself with a rock, giving worthless mine a heavily mineralized façade.

The lottery is a type of gambling that became popular in the United States in the 19th century. Still, later all gambling, including lotteries were banned at the beginning of the 20th century.

This type of scam usually begins with an unexpected e-mail stating that the victim has won the lottery and needs to pay a small amount as a processing fee, administrative fee, or transfer charges in order to claim the prize. When the victim pays the money, the scammer will not respond to e-mails and disappear without a trace.

The present-day internet that we know of was initially developed in the early 1970s. However, it was not available to ordinary people until 1983. Since then, people have been using the internet to gain knowledge and socialize with other individuals.

Unfortunately, it is also used to scam other people. In 2017, the FBI got more than 300,000 complaints regarding internet scams. FBI further mentions that the victims have lost over US$ 1.4 billion to online fraud.

It is pitiful that the internet is one of the most prominent media for these scams. The FBI was receiving more than 300,000 complaints on internet fraud solely in 2017, and they further stated that those victims lost more than US$ 1.4 billion in online scams.

One of the most ambitious things of every person or a family is to have their own house, and they spend a good proportion of their life’s earning on that. Due to that, real state frauds are dreadful to the sufferers. FBI has reported that they have received 11,300 complaints on real estate fraud with more than US$ 149 million in losses in 2018.

Fake real estate agents say that they hold the money until the deal is done and disappear afterward with the money. It is reported that people do not file complaints about these types of scams due to embarrassment.

The death of a close family member or a friend is traumatizing and sentimental time. In these types of conditions, people can be easily deceived, and it is very dismal to even consider swindling a mourning family.

Sadly, many cases were reported of scammers preying at funerals. Scammers mostly claim that the deceased person had an overdue debt that should be repaid urgently or exaggerate funeral costs and sell irrelevant services.

The Disappearing Act became a common fraud in the 1880s. A team consisting of two women and one man stole things such as lace, dresses, accessories, and other high-quality products. The women ordered the merchant to send the goods to their parlor, but they would vanish with the goods, leaving the messenger eagerly waiting for his reward.

In modern days, the Disappearing Act could be perceived to be some kind of retail theft. About $35 million worth of retail merchandise is robbed from stores last year, according to NASP.

People who look for work are also ambitious and naive more than ever now. Actually, there are about as many scams as there is actual online work. Before the internet, though, people can use a newspaper job listing column to trick people out of money.

Some work scammers are asking their victims to pay for their background reports or training, while others are merely asking to get money sent to them or to ask for their credit card numbers.

In the 20th century, it was very common for criminals to impersonate another person for self-gain. For example, there have been reports of bank robbers dressed up as bank managers to steal money.

In 1888, a man presented himself as Father McCarthy of Montreal to the chief priest in Washington, D. C. Later that day, McCarthy went to the nearest jewelry shop to look for a present for the Cardinal. He ordered a merchant to deliver a couple of diamonds to the chapel where he was living.

When the merchant had arrived with the merchandise, McCarthy wondered whether he could take the diamonds to some other room to display other priests. Instead, he slipped out of the back entrance, never to be seen again.

A home is every family’s most valuable commodity. Scammers tend to use this when thinking of a way to earn quick money. There have been thousands of reports from all over the country of receipt of counterfeit letters pretending to be mortgage companies in the past few decades.

These fraudulent company people force homeowners to take out equity to use as payments for renovations or other costs for the house.

Romance scams just don't affect a person both financially but emotionally as well. Victims of relationship scams are led to believe that the person they talk to really likes and cares for them.

Criminals usually locate their prey on dating sites or social media. Once they have a bond and are familiar with their victims, they normally start asking for money. They would also complain that they need money for medical bills or to help them get out of a challenging situation.

Coin-matching is played all over the world and can be played legitimately. Anyway, some people use it for the unfair benefit of themselves by scamming others.

The scheme is normally run by two controllers. The first controller, along with the victim, enters the game. Then the second controller enters soon afterward and continues to lose the game.

After pretending to call the police, they persuade the victim to give them hush money, and the two controllers then broke up.

This is rather a cruel type of scam where a grandparent gets an e-mail or a call from someone claiming to be his/her grandchild stating that they are entangled in some trouble. As an example, the scammer may say that he is arrested or kidnapped and needs bail money or ransom to be free and asks not to tell the grandchild’s parents, claiming that they will be upset over this. Most of the time, the scammer will ask to send money in a media which is not traceable.

The United States saw an abundance of counterfeit currency in the 19th century. Historians later dubbed the ‘Green Goods Game’ in this era. Scammers will post flyers all over the world pretending to sell ‘genuine’ counterfeit money for sale.

Victims will always respond to the flyers and drive to the place to conclude the transaction. Upon delivery, a bag of real money will be shown to the victim. However, while the victim was busy, the bag of money would be exchanged for a bag of sawdust, green paper, or other useless objects.

Scams happening in strip clubs or clip joints are a very often thing seen over many years. These institutes provide adult entertainment and open bars to attract various customers for various ranges of prices.

Then these customers have been deluded into paying for overpriced services or significantly lower quality services. And sometimes, customers are manipulated to pay for services that they will never receive. Some of these open bars have been accused of diluting the alcohol level or selling overpriced liquor.

Three-Card Monte is a gambling-type card game that is prohibited from playing for money. There are many compelling stories related to this game in folklore. The game was popular in the United States in the early 1800s.

The game is based on a plain sleight of hand. The controller throws either of the two cards held in one hand. The illusion established is that only the bottom card is thrown at all times. Even so, the top card can be dropped in an identical way to alter the outcome.

People who gamble have been losing money to Three-Card Monte swindles for more than a hundred years.

Financial legal frauds very much go ignored, or worst, unreported. They can be hard to convict in such a way that they are regarded as a low-risk felony. However, it doesn't mean that they are not devastating to the victims.

With these financial legal scams, an individual will act as a lawyer and sell services that are not licensed to provide. After the deal is signed, the client will be compelled to pay whatever the lawyer demands.

Mail fraud is a criminal offense in the US that includes mailing or electronically transferring something related to fraud. Surprisingly, the US Congress imposed the death penalty for those who do mail fraud in 1792. Many types of mail fraud exist, such as financial fraud, employment fraud, fraud against older Americans, and telemarketing fraud.

Although there have been many attempts by authorities to prevent mail fraud, unfortunately, scammers still use the mail to do their illicit work, sometimes working from thousands of miles away.

This is not related to the usual cap that you put on your head. This word is referred to lying, while no cap means telling the truth. Typically, this term is used in the context of boasting. If someone is bragging too much about something it is possible that they are ‘capping’.

Example: “No cap bruh, I really like that girl.”

This does not mean about the animal goat. It’s the acronym for ‘Greatest Of All Time’. Its pronounced in the same way as pronouncing the word for animal goat. Most of the time pops out when people start to argue about sports.

Example: “Those cupcakes are GOAT”

This means to reject someone. It is like rejecting a person from their romantic interests. There have been many slangs for the word curve including the shape of women’s body too. Now it is mostly used in modern dating and romance.

Examples: “she curved me last week.”

Originally this means containing salt or the taste of salt. But now this word is being used to describe a person’s emotional condition. When someone is angry or irritated over something they will be described as salty.

Example: “He was salty after they roasted him.”

When you read this word at ones you remember your cup of tea. But in slang tea is used to describe about a gossip or to refer to some interesting story or news. When someone says, “what’s your tea?” this means that person is interested and eagerly waiting to in hearing your story.

Example: “I heard some tea about the party last night.”

This word popped out in 2000 in a song released by the rapper Eminem. But now this is the slang for someone who is a serious die heart fan, specially of a celebrity or a music group. This is widely used in fandom culture.

Example: “Don’t stan for that singer.”

You can use this word when you totally agree on something. It is an abbreviation of 100%. If you are confirming something for absolutely for sure, then you can use the slang Hundo P.

Example: “Are you going to the gym today?”
“hundo p!”

This word is used at the end of a sentence. It is used to conclude a sentence. The extra “T” at the end is used to emphasis as well as mimic to some speech patterns. This word is used in the expression “and that’s on peridot”.

Example: “Just because you hate me you don’t have to spill fake news about me.preiodt.

Simply this gives the idea of cool, fun and excitement. Its used when something is turned up and when they are intensely excited. People has started to say “Lit AF” to mean extreme great.

Example: “Oh boy that party was so damn lit.”

Yes, the first meaning that came to your mind maybe of killing someone. But in today’s context this word is used so say someone that they look amazing or did an excellent work on something. It is a way of appreciating a person.

Example: “Swift’s new album slayed.”

This word has two meanings. It means to show off or to boast and at the same time it means to put on a fake, to fake something or to force it. This is mostly used in rap and hip hop.

Example: “Don’t be flexing on me like that bro.”

It is about having power or influence. This word is in famous in social media. It is used when a person plays the role of an influencer. It is more like a person who is after more followers and looking for more opportunities to clout.

Example: “Paul, Mike and Jane have hella clout.”

This is the shorten word of ‘for real’. It is like emphasizing that what you are saying is the truth and used when questioning about the accuracy of something that someone has said.

Example: “Hey my crush asked me out today!”
“fr?!”

This is used to refer to a person who is in a state of being a wealthy and living a very luxurious lifestyle.

Example: “He is still ballin” (He is still living the luxury life)

This word derived from the word relationship. It is the concept of a fictional couple. It is mostly used by fans who want two people to become couple and enter to a romantic or sexual relationship.

Example: “I don’t ship them that much. I ship jane and Daniel to be honest.

This is a variation of the word ‘turned’ and its used to describe a person when he / she is excessively excited. This is also used to describe a person who is drunk.

Example: “yeah this party is about to be turnt!”

Getting called “woke” is a compliment. It means that you are aware about what is going on. It is mainly regarding the awareness of issues related to social and racial justice.

Example: “I’m very happy because I attended to that meeting on crypto-genderism, now I’m really woke”

Though this word is commonly referred as a short form of baby or babe, the letters of the word represent the phrase “before anyone else”.

Example: “She is my bae!” (She comes before anyone else)

Many people call their sunglasses ‘shades’. But here in its slang form this means suspicious or disrespectful behavior. It appears in the phrase “to throw shades”. It is the expression for disgust with a person.

Example: Jane threw shades at Katty when she said, “There isn’t a guy in her course that Katty hadn’t dated”.

At first the image of a paper showing the proof of a purchase might come to your mind, but in the slang this means of proof or evidence. In modern day, these evidence means about videos, screenshots, or images that can come through social media.

Examples: “I got all the receipts from their secrete chat they had last night.”

Originally this word was referred to the soul of a dead person. But now its meaning has expanded, and this term is used in relation to dating. It is used when you suddenly end all the contacts in a relationship without any explanations.

Example: “I’m going to have to ghost him until he gets the point”

This means a strong criticism which can either be written or spoken. It is more like answering an opponent’s insult with a much stronger manner. This in usually done in the comment section in social media.

Example: “That was so damn interesting. You should have heard the clapback, Oh Jesus.”

The phrase ‘my wig flew”, “wig!” have surely caught your eye while going through your twitter or Instagram feed. This slang is a feeling of being so much shocked or enamored with any event.

Example: “I got free tickets to Eminem’s show!”
“No way omg WIG.”

This has evolved from the word “yikes” to a severe type embarrassing or unfortunate moment. It can also be used to insult someone. This is the most suitable term to be used when a shout is the answer to something drastic.

Example: “My crush heard me talking about her and now she thinks I’m crazy.”
“Big yikes.”

Do not get worried if a teen says someone or something is snatched. It is a way of giving a compliment. It describes anything that looks good, very attractive or flawlessly styled.

Example: “I always wanted to say you darling, your makeup snatched.”