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此列表中由 talkKs 读者投票选出的评分最高的项目
- 中国已巩固自己作为世界制造业中心的地位 : 1 vote
- 中国在扶贫方面的成功 : 1 vote
In October 2022, Xi Jinping secured his status as general secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). With this achievement, he continues as the Republic of China’s president for an unprecedented third term. Western media is often negative about Xi Jinping and portray him as an authoritarian dictator on a quest to take over the world. But how objective is this view? Does Xi Jinping genuinely just want the best for his country?
Xi Jinping was born in 1953 in Fuping county, Shaanxi province, China. His father, Xi Zhongxun, was a Chinese Communist veteran and an early comrade of Mao Zedong, but he was purged and went out of favor by his party and government during the Cultural Revolution. Xi Jinping has had a long political career in the Communist Party. After completing his studies in chemical engineering at Tsinghua University, Xi Jinping served for three years as secretary to Geng Biao, who was the vice premier of the central Chinese government at the time. From 1999 to 2002, he served as the governor of Fujian. In 2002, he became the party secretary and governor of Zhejiang. Then, in 2007, he became the first secretary of the Central Secretariat and, in 2008, was assigned as Hu Jintao’s (the then-president’s) presumed successor. Subsequently, he was designated the vice president of China and vice chairman of the CMC (Central Military Commission).
When Xi Jinping came into Power 10 years ago, in 2012, when both China and the Communist party were in a massive crisis. Corruption was rampant, and there were hundreds of thousands of protests from citizens. There was also infighting at the top of the Communist party. As the country’s premier, Xi Jinping, responded to this crisis by launching an anti-corruption campaign that completely changed how government officials at every level conducted business. He also ramped up ideological discipline within the party. Overall, Xi Jinping re-energize China’s social development, sustainable development, international relations, economic development, and revival of Chinese culture.
But this Chinese leader has also faced numerous challenges in making the Chinese society a prosperous one. The COVID-19 pandemic was a major challenge that China faced in recent years. As of this writing, China has a strict zero-COVID policy to ensure the prevention of the spread of the disease. This is why China’s borders were closed to international visitors for a period. Recently Xi Jinping was elected as president of China for the third time. He outlined the plans to gradually end China’s zero COVID policy. But he has stated there will be no change from the policy pursuing zero COVID, which will no doubt save lives, but it will also come with an opportunity cost and be felt in the contracting Chinese economy.
Apart from Covid and the real estate crisis that has spilled over to Chinese stock market the major challenge the Chinese society is facing is its aging population. By 2035, China will have over 400 million citizens above the age of 60 and be defined as a severely aging country. Fewer workers will be available, and there will be huge challenges in providing enough public health facilities. In addition, China has one of the fastest-declining birth rates in the world. Chinese married couples dropped to a record low in 2021, with only 7.6 million marriages, the lowest since 1986. In addition, China’s fertility rate of 1.16 in 2021 is far below the average of 2.1 needed for a stable population. At its core, a country’s population is its national strength and economic strength. Combined with the aging population, these declining fertility rates are completely going to be a major risk for the future of the Chinese nation.
尽管习近平在西方饱受争议，但他在过去 10 年中极大地改变了中国。习的主要目标是将中国从“百年国耻”中复活，成为复兴的超级大国。现在让我们看看自习近平上台以来中国取得的重大成就。
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1中国已巩固自己作为世界制造业中心的地位
So much of what we consume in our everyday lives comes directly from factories in China. Its fair to say that the Chinese economic growth has helped lifted living standards of low middle income earners globally. China used to be known for making cheap toys, clothes, and cheap electronics, but with the 'Made in China 2025' Vision, China has shifted to becoming the world leader in developing some of the most advanced technologies in the world. Made in China 2025 is a strategic plan and policy to develop the manufacturing sector of the country and to move away from its reputation for producing cheap goods with low production costs.
Smartphones, computers, high-tech gear - most of it is now made in China. In 2011, China officially overtook the United States as the largest global manufacturer, and it has been steadily increasing every year, even with the pandemic and continuous lockdowns. China's market share continued to accelerate, and it now holds a 30% market share of global manufacturing.
Image source: YouTube
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2中国在扶贫方面的成功
At the start of 2012, nearly 100 million Chinese citizens lived in absolute poverty. Here, we define absolute poverty as those who earn less than 4000 RMB per year. In the last decade, absolute poverty has been completely eliminated in China, and more and more Chinese citizens have reached the middle class. However, the work against poverty in China isn't over. Even China's Premier Li Keqiang said in May 2020 that 40% of Chinese people earn an average of 1000 Renminbi per month.
Image source: YouTube
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3中国的 GDP 翻了一番
一个国家的 GDP（国内生产总值）是其经济规模和表现的指标。它代表该国境内生产的成品和服务的总市场价值。
In 2012, when Xi Jinping became the president, China's GDP was 8.53 trillion. By 2021, it has grown to a staggering 17.7 trillion, representing an increase of 107% over the last decade. In fact, when considering its GDP, China is the second richest country in the world, second only to the US. While US is a service based economy that rely heavily on its dollar reserve currency status, China has a manufacturing based economy that is known as the the world's factory.
不断增长的中国经济帮助数亿中国公民进入中产阶级（中国的中产阶级人口比美国的总人口还多），进一步减少中国低收入家庭的数量仍然是习近平的主要优先事项之一。
Image source: YouTube
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4中国拥有令人难以置信的高科技产业
2012 年，中国在涉及智能手机、太阳能电池板、电动汽车和最先进电信的高科技行业几乎没有影响力。但快进到现代，中国在这些行业中占据了主导地位。阿里巴巴、微信、华为和大疆等中国品牌都已成为在全球主要国家具有巨大吸引力的成功品牌。
Let's not forget that China has created the world's fastest-growing social media app TikTok. TikTok has become so successful that Facebook, Instagram, and even YouTube have had to shift their business models to catch up with TikTok's success. Did you know that these popular social media apps added their short video segments to compete with the popularity of short TikTok videos?
“TikTok” by Cottonbro studio (CC0) via Pexels
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5中国在减少污染方面走在世界前列
By the early 2,000s, the skies in China were full of smog, and pollution was a real challenge for everyone living in major cities. But in the past decade, China has become the world's largest investor, producer, and consumer of renewable energy worldwide by manufacturing state-of-the-art solar panels, wind turbines, and hydroelectric energy facilities, as well as becoming the world's largest producer of electric cars and buses. Xi Jinping has also pledged that China will be carbon neutral by 2060.
Image source: YouTube
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6中国已建立世界上最大的贸易网络
When the 19th party congress met in 2017, China's government stated their main goal for the next five years was to expand the Belt and Road initiative and make it the most valuable Trade Network in the world. Belt and Road Initiative or BRI is a global infrastructure development strategy to create a trans-continental passage linking China with South Asia, South East Asia, Central Asia, Russia, and Europe and a maritime route connecting coastal regions of China with South Asia, South East Asia, the South Pacific, Middle East, East Africa, and Europe. The five major aims of this project are policy coordination, unimpeded trade, infrastructure connectivity, financial integration, and connecting people.
The BRI is the centerpiece of XI Jinping's foreign policy, and as of August 2022, 149 countries have signed up to participate in the project. Today, the Belt and Road Project affects more than 60% of the world's population and 35% of the world's economy.
Image source: YouTube
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7中国已成为军事超级大国
Many westerners worry about China becoming a strong Military. But are these worries justified? Well, according to General Milley, the highest-ranking U.S military official, it's not. According to the American General, China is a superpower, and this is what all superpowers do - build a strong military. When we look at this from the Chinese perspective, it's easy to understand why China's strong military is a source of national pride. With the world's largest navy and one of the most powerful militaries in the world, China has guaranteed that no country will ever invade its land again. In terms of their military power, there is a remarkable similarity between the U.S. and China. Both countries' citizens are extremely proud of their nation's armed forces, which is a major source of strength, and believe they are in a position where no country in the world would want to engage directly in direct conflict with them. This is true for both China and the United States.
Image source: YouTube
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8中国已建成世界上最好的交通网络
When China hosted the Summer Olympics in 2008, the country had a handful of high-speed rail lines. But in the past decade, China has covered every province and connected one of the biggest countries in the world via high-speed Rail. China has also invested heavily in urban transportation. Of the world's 200 Metro systems, over half of them are in China. Finally, China is testing the world's fastest commercial train, the CRRC 600, which will travel over 600 kilometers an hour and make its debut in 2025.
Image source: YouTube
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9中国将主宰太空的未来
China is the third country in the world to send astronauts to space and build a space station (after Russia and the US). Tiangong (meaning ‘Heavenly Palace’ in Chinese) is China’s new space station. America has always been the key player in space exploration but with the International Space Station planning to be decommissioned in 2031, China has seized an incredible opportunity and is building its own space station in less than a decade. By then, the only functioning space station in the universe will be Chinese, giving China an incredible edge to be the most dominant nation in space exploration. By 2030, China also hopes to reach the Moon and Mars, which would make them a superpower in space exploration.
Image source: YouTube
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10中国正在培养更多受过教育的公民
In the past decade, China's general enrollment ratio in universities doubled from 29% to 58%. In addition, China is currently producing the largest amount of STEM graduates in the world and leading the world in A.I. research, publishing 27% of all A.I. Journal articles worldwide.
中国的高等教育体系以及中国的高等院校均得到国际认可。事实上，越来越多的国际学生表现出对在中国完成高等教育的兴趣。截至 2018 年，中国是亚洲学生接受高等教育的主要目的地。
Image source: YouTube
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