Long regarded as the Wild Frontier of  Chinese civilization, Guanxi’s name literally means western expanse. It refers to the vast territory of untamed landscape, which was first incorporated into the empire in 214 BC by Qin Dynasty General Zhao Tuo. When the Qin dynasty fell to the Han less than 20 years later, Jiao Tuo announced himself emperor and established his own kingdom called Nanyue, which encompassed the kingdom of barbarians known as the Yue people. This empire would stretch into Vietnam and play a key role in spreading Chinese culture into Indo-China with the name of Vietnam, literally meaning Nanyue.
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