The Rosetta Stone is an ancient Egyptian artefact with inscriptions in various languages and scripts. The upper and middle texts are in Ancient Egyptian, written in hieroglyphic and Demotic scripts, respectively, while the lower text is in Ancient Greek. Discovered near the town of Rosetta (Rashid), about 35 miles (56 km) northeast of Alexandria, the stone is irregularly shaped and made of black granite, measuring 3 feet 9 inches (114 cm) in length and 2 feet 4.5 inches (72 cm) in width.
In August 1799, a Frenchman named Bouchard discovered it. Following the French surrender of Egypt in 1801, the Rosetta Stone came into the possession of the British and is now housed in the British Museum in London.
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